V

Viscosity

Resistance to flow.

Voids

Empty pockets where not intended.

Volume Change

Increase or decrease in the size of a specimen expressed as a percentage of original volume. Generally associated with immersion of elastomer samples in various chemical agents.

Volume Swell

A term generally used to describe the increase in physical size of a specimen immersed in a particular chemical agent.

Vulcanization

The heat induced cross linking (curing) of polymer chains, converting basic visco-elastic liquids into three-dimensional networks of flexible, elastomeric chains (the molded rubber product).

Apple Rubber Products, Inc. • 310 Erie Street • Lancaster, NY 14086 • 1.800.828.7745

1. Introduction

2. Products & Services

3. O-Ring Basics

4. Seal Types & Gland Design

5. Critical Operating Environmental Factors

6. Material Selection Guide

7. Special Elastomer Applications

8. Troubleshooting

9. Sizes & How to Order

10. Glossary of Terms

11. Rules of Thumb

12. Formulas

13. Seal Glossary

14. Bibliography / Trademarks